Conceptual Framework for Financial Account - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Framework for Financial Account. Answer: Introduction Sunshine limited Case study has been developed and has considered that the General Manager named Kam Sunshine is observed to manipulate the accountant of the company named Maria Mars. The intention was to make sure that there are several developments in the organizations discrete incoming profit (Aasb.gov.au. 2017). This has resulted in dilemma for Maria Mars considering the reason that the accountant has centred on renewal of her contracts within the organization. Along with remaining aware regarding several actions that remain unethical, the accountant has changed technique of depreciation from using method of straight line to outskiing technique of sum-of-years digits. Due to this fact, several stakeholders encompass the suppliers, partners, communities, government, accountant, general manager, consumers and creditors. Maria mars has recognised a lot of ethical issues in case of implementing depreciation techniques which is elucidated I consideration to the needs of the organizati on with the impact of accounting standard AASB 116 (Barth 2015). Ethics with Corporate Governance It is observed that ethics and governance is greatly focussed on mortality and is not to be followed by every individual (Bushman 2014). However, ethics is deemed to be greatly effective as the users confidence can get enhanced with sustaining the required quality and work level. There are several issues related with governance of Sunshine Ltd as elaborated under: Fault in Transparency and Integrity- Shareholders of Sunshine Ltd is observed to have the accountability for attaining the profitability related with the investments. Based on such changes inked with their investment profitability. This has the intention to ensure that the shares are maintained within the organisation (Dutta and Patatoukas 2016). In order to meet the requirements of shareholders of the Sunshine Ltd, Kam Sunshine has elaborated that changing method of depreciation for maintaining a situation of regular high income. This signifies lack of transparency and integrity from the side of the company that indicates accurate information is attained by users of financial data. Infringement of Objectivity- Sunshine Ltd Companys General Manager is deemed to manipulate the senior manager of the organization for some personal advantage and Maria Mars also facilitated the manager in attaining such goal (Hino 2014). The organization has used numerous process of depreciation for the fixed assets for signifying effect of devaluation with deprecation process. This signifies a condition in which certain future advantages associated with asset are observed to take place. The accountant changed the depreciation technique which took place because with some difference at the time of total depreciation. This has led to the shareholders decisions for getting affected for certain decisions by some anticipations concerning error (Hoskin, Fizzell and Cherry 2014). Maria Mars was the one to be accountable to signify accounting data in superior manner and differences within financial statement might be reported. This is observed to be different accountants work ethics which ha s interrupted vital objectivity principle. Accountants Function in Altering Depreciation Methods As elucidated by the information presented within the Sunshine Ltd case study, the accountant has conducted an act of changing appropriate depreciation techniques to be utilised from the method of straight line to the method of sum-of-years digits (Lovell 2014). The key focus of using the sum-of-years digits deprecation technique is to decrease the required level of profit in the upcoming two years for shifting the same from the year 2018 to 2019. This has facilitated in addressing the anticipated economic downturn which can be better represented through the explanation of a below mentioned example: Asset cost = $500,000 Useful life = 5 years Salvage value = $50,000 Additionally, certain evaluation among the profits by using the two techniques of depreciation is explained in the following: Straight-line depreciation technique: Straight-line depreciation = (Cost of asset Salvage value)/ Useful life Straight-line depreciation = ($500,000 - $50,000)/5 = $90,000 Sum-of-years-digits technique of depreciation: Sum-of-years-digits method = Depreciable base x (Left over useful life/ Sum-of-years-digits) Sum-of-years-digits = n (n + 1)/2 Sum-of-years-digits = 5 (5 + 1)/2 Sum-of-years-digits (SYD) = 15 Years Depreciable base Left over useful life SYD Applicable percent Yearly depreciation 1 $450,000 5 5/15 33.33% $150,000 2 $450,000 4 4/15 26.67% $120,000 3 $450,000 3 3/15 20.00% $90,000 4 $450,000 2 2/15 13.33% $60,000 5 $450,000 1 1/15 6.67% $30,000 Statement reflecting alteration in deprecation: Years Straight-line depreciation Yearly depreciation (SYD) Difference 1 $90,000 $150,000 ($60,000) 2 $90,000 $120,000 ($30,000) 3 $90,000 $90,000 Nil 4 $90,000 $60,000 $30,000 5 $90,000 $30,000 $60,000 After the depreciation technique change, the required amount of depreciation might get increased in the first few years. In addition, this can lead to decease in the upcoming years (Lubbe, Modack and Watson 2014). This can result in sustaining the profits that is constant in the upcoming years due to reduction in the depreciation charges with the growing years. In such scenario, Maria Mars has a vital function in changing the technique of depreciation from the method of straight line to sum-of-years digits technique for meeting the expectations of Kam Sunshine that is the companys general manager. Stakeholders Sunshine Ltd case study clarified that a stakeholder can be an individual, a company or a group which has concern or interest in other organizations (Macve 2015). In addition, there are key shareholders that are identified and mentioned within the case study such as: General Manager- From the Sunshine Ltd case study, Kam Sunshine is identified to be the General Manager of the organization. The person is liable to take few decisions in order to ensure improvement of companys operational performance (Narasimhan 2017). Shareholders- The people which are investors if the company seek to obtain benefit by obtaining shares of the business profit that is identified as the organizations key shareholders. Accountant- As mentioned with Sunshine Ltd.s case study, the accountant is observed to support the preparation of financial statements with changing profit from the year 2016 to 2017 along with 2018 to 2019 (Narayanaswamy 2017). Creditors- It is elucidated that organizations facilitate the lenders for funding purchases, asset purchases, business ventures along with supply purchases. The financial institutions are associated with providing loans for important purchases which encompass new property. The suppliers might provide goods inventory in order to be paid by the organization in the upcoming years (Oldroyd, Tyson and Fleischman 2015). Sunshine Ltd Companys current creditors can estimate that the deadlines of payment are regularly dealt with in a better manner. In this situation, the organization can be capable to improve relationships with creditors which can enhance profitability of obtaining high funding in the future years. Partners with Suppliers- The business suppliers and partners is gathering as important vital shareholders in the complex competitive surrounding (Schrand et al. 2016). The organizations intend to sustain loyal relationship with suppliers and associates. This facilitates the company in sustaining shared vision, common objective along with strategies. The trade sellers and the buyers might collaborate in a better manner in providing maximum value to the customers that is vital for the partners. In addition, the trade partners are estimated to have its business operation in ethical manner for avoiding consumer reputation hampering associated with the company (Velte and Freidank 2015). Customers- It is gathered that organizations often employ lenders for fund business ventures, purchases, asset acquisition and supply purchases. The organization is capable in improving relationships with creditors that can boost profitability in obtaining funding in future (Velte and Freidank 2015). Standard AASB 116 Effect At the end of June 30, 2015, Kam Sunshine is observed to convince the accountant in realising the way through which profits can be decreased in the upcoming years from the years over 2016. Go eths reason, this can lead to constant profits over the upcoming years for meeting the shareholders needs (Wild 2015). Maria Mars has changed technique od deprecation from method of straight line to the method of sum of-digits. In addition, the accountant did not represent any changes conducted on the companys financial statements. The Australian Accounting Standards Board that is AASB 116 I linked with property, equipment and plant with complied standard that is linked with periods of annual reporting that took place from 1st July, 2009. This standard has an intention to affect the accounting treatment related with plant, property and equipment for offering vital data to the financial statement users linked with organizational investment within the assets as well as certain developments in such investment (Williams 2014). The major issues linked with property, plant and equipment accounting that results in asset realization, carrying amounts ascertainment with the depreciation developments with the impairment losses that is realised accordingly. In the Sunshine Ltd case study, the accountant has changed technique of depreciation from the straight line to the technique of sum-of-years digits. This theory is related with technique of depreciation in distinguishing the tangible asset expense over a products useful life (Lovell 2014). It is deemed that the business is getting linked with fixed or non-current set deprecation for obtaining tax and accounting tax purposes. Accounting factors is observed to impose an impact on the organizations developed net income statement along with tax aspects that is deemed to impose an impact on the organizations balance sheet statement (Lovell 2014). However, a fraction of cost is linked with depreciation expense manner at a time where the assets are considered to be employed. The organizations their financial reportings tax expenses as well as tax aspects. The process of depreciation calculation and the years for which few assets are depreciated might take into consideration the asset types in identical business and tax purpose differences (Dutta and Patatoukas 2016). The regulations with accounting standards can explain the same for it is distinct in several nations. The depreciation expense computation techniques are numerous for this encompass method of straight line, reduction in balance and methods of sum-of-years-digits. Taking place of despeciation expense is there at the time of asset use in the service. It is realised that the method of sum-of-years digits happens to be an effective technique for asset depreciation computation (Dutta and Patatoukas 2016). The formula which is used in depreciation value computation within this technique is elucidated under: SYD depreciation = Depreciable base x (Left over useful life/ Sum-of-years-digits method) This is an effective method in explaining the process of consumption of a specific asset. Additionally, this is also used in lack of a specific pattern within a process in which assets ca be utilised in the upcoming years. The process of straight line deprecation demands steady cost over the useful life of the non-current assets. This depreciation process is better in which an assets economic realization can be carried out efficiently during its useful life (Dutta and Patatoukas 2016). Depreciation per year = (Cost Residual value)/ Useful life The organization mentioned within the case study has aa big departmental store that has a huge members group that takes decisions focussed on regulations at the time of the organizations emergence. This is the cause for which the company does not consider its policy in taking few personal decisions that has direct impact on financial statement of the organization (Dutta and Patatoukas 2016). Moreover, from Sunshine Ltd case study it is gathered that aa few developments carried out in the organization has an impact in taking the ultimate decision that must be represented to all the shareholders of the organization. This is the major cause for which conducts of the accountant was not in compliance with AASB 116 accounting standards. Conclusion As elucidated by the information presented within the Sunshine Ltd case study, the accountant has conducted an act of changing appropriate depreciation techniques to be utilised from the method of straight line to the method of sum-of-years digits. It is observed that ethics and governance is greatly focussed on mortality and is not to be followed by every individual. However, ethics is deemed to be greatly effective as the users confidence can get enhanced with sustaining the required quality and work level. It is realised that the method of sum-of-years digits happens to be an effective technique for asset depreciation computation. References Aasb.gov.au., 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB116_07-04_ERDRjun10_07-09.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Barth, M.E., 2015. Financial accounting research, practice, and financial accountability.Abacus,51(4), pp.499-510. Bushman, R.M., 2014. Thoughts on financial accounting and the banking industry.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.384-395. Dutta, S. and Patatoukas, P.N., 2016. Identifying Conditional Conservatism in Financial Accounting Data: Theory and Evidence.The Accounting Review. Hino, S., 2014. Accounting Methods and Financial Viability for Not-for-profit Organizations. 13(2), pp.27-37. Hoskin, R.E., Fizzell, M.R. and Cherry, D.C., 2014.Financial Accounting: a user perspective. Wiley Global Education. Lovell, H., 2014. Climate change, markets and standards: the case of financial accounting.Economy and Society,43(2), pp.260-284. Lubbe, I., Modack, G. and Watson, A., 2014. Financial Accounting GAAP Principles.OUP Catalogue. Macve, R., 2015.A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge. Narasimhan, M.S., 2017. Financial Accounting Regulations. Narayanaswamy, R., 2017.Financial accounting: a managerial perspective. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Oldroyd, D., Tyson, T.N. and Fleischman, R.K., 2015. American ideology, socialism and financial accounting theory: A counter view.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,27, pp.209-218. Schrand, C.M., Armstrong, C.S., Taylor, D.J., Verrecchia, R.E., Wagenhofer, A., Casey, R.J., Gao, F., Kirschenheiter, M.T., Li, S., Pandit, S. and Hribar, P., 2016. Journal of Financial Reporting A Publication of the Financial Accounting and Reporting Section of the American Accounting Association. Velte, P. and Freidank, C.C., 2015. The link between in-and external rotation of the auditor and the quality of financial accounting and external audit.European Journal of Law and Economics,40(2), pp.225-246. Wild, J., 2015.Financial accounting fundamentals. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Williams, J., 2014.Financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.